Brull R, Macfarlane AJR, Chan VWS. Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia. In: Miller RD, editor. MILLER’S ANESTHESIA. Elsevier: Saunders; 2015. p. 1684–720.
Google Scholar
Pitkanen M. Spinal (Subarachnoid) Blockade. In: Cousins MJ, Carr DB, Horlocker TT, Bridenbaum PO, editors. Cousins and Bridenbaugh’s Neural Blockade in Clinical Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. Philadelphia: Williams & Willkins; 2009. p. 213–40.
Google Scholar
Kararmaz A, Kaya S, Turhanoglu S, Ozyimaz A. Low-dose bupivacaine-fentanyl spinal anaesthesia for transurethral prostatectomy. Anesthesia. 2003;58:526–30.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Labbene I, Lamine K, Gharsallah H, Jebali A, Adhoum A, Ghozzi A, et al. SPINAL ANESTHESIA FOR ENDOSCOPIC UROLOGICAL SURGEY –Low dose vs. Varying dose of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine. MEJ ANESTH. 2007;19:369–84.
Google Scholar
Baydilek Y, Yurtlu BS, Hanci V, Ayoglu H, Okyay RD, Kayhan GE, et al. The comparison of levobupivacaine in continuous or single dose spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection of prostate surgery. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2014;64:89–97.
Article
Google Scholar
Klimscha W, Weinstabl C, Ilias W, Mayer N, Kashanipour A, Schneider B, et al. Continuous spinal anesthesia with a microcatheter and Low-dose bupivacaine decreases the hemodynamic effects of centroneuraxis block in elderly patients. Anesth Analg. 1993;77:275–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schnider TW, Mueller-Duysing S, Johr M, Gerber H. Incremental dosing versus single-dose spinal anesthesia and hemodynamic stability. Anesth Analg. 1993;77:1174–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Favarel-Garrigues JF, Sztark F, Petitjean ME. Hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia in the elderly: single dose versus titration through a catheter. Anesth Analg. 1996;82:312–16.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goy RW-L, Chee-Seng Y, Sia AT-H, Choo-Kok K, Liang S. The median effective dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine is larger in the single-shot spinal as compared with the combined spinal-epidural technique. Anesth Analg. 2005;100:1499–502.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Minville V, Fourcade O, Grousset D, Chassery C, Nguyen L, Asehnoune K, et al. Spinal anesthesia using single injection small-dose bupivacaine versus continuous catheter injection techniques for surgical repair of Hip fracture in elderly patients. Aneth Analg. 2006;102:1559–63.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Saber R, Metainy SE: Saber R, Metainy SE. Continuous spinal anesthesia versus single small dose bupivacaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia in high risk elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial. Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2015;31:233–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Davis H. CORRESPONDENCE: specific gravity and density. Anesthesiology. 1976;44:270–1.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Horlocker TT, Wedel JD. Density, specific gravity, and baricity of spinal anesthetic solution at body temperature. Aneth Analg. 1993;76:1015–108.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gaiser RR. Spinal, epidural, and caudal anesthesia. In: Longnecker DE, Murphy FL, editors. INTRODUCTION TO ANESTHESIA. Philadelpha: W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY; 1997. p. 216–31.
Google Scholar
Lui ACP, Polis TZ, Cicutti NJ. Repotrs of Investigation/ Densities of cerebrospinal fluid and spinal anaesthetic solutions in surgical patients at body temperature. Can J Anaesth. 1998;45:297–303.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heller AR, Zimmermann K, Seele K, Rossel T, Koch T, Litz RJ. Modifying the baricity of local anesthetics for spinal anesthesiology by temperature adjustment. Anesthesiology. 2006;105:346–53.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pollard JB. Cardiac arrest during spinal anesthesia: common mechanisms and strategies for prevention. Anesth Analg. 2001;92:252–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ishiyama T, Shibuya K, Terada Y, Iwashita H, Masamune T, Kotoda M, et al. Cardiac arrest after spinal anesthesia in a patient with neutrally mediated syncope. J Anesth. 2012;26:103–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kumari A, Gupta R, Bajwa SJS, Singh A. Unanticipated cardiac arrest under spinal anesthesia: an unavoidable mystery with review of current literature. Anesth Essays Res. 2014;8:99–102.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kim SY, Cho JE, Hong JY, Koo BN, Kim JM, Kil HK. Comparison of intrathecal fentanyl and sufentanyl in lowdose dilute bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia for transurethral prostatectomy. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103:750–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chaudhay A, Bogra J, Singh PK, Saxena S, Chandra G, Verma R. Efficacy of spinal ropivacaine versus ropivacaine with fentanyl in transurethral resection operations. Saudi J Anesth. 2014;8:89–91.
Article
Google Scholar
Ben-David B, Miller G, Gavriel R, Gurevitch A. Low-dose bupivacaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2000;25:235–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Olofsson C, Nygards EB, Bjersten AB, Hessling A. Low-dose bupivacaine with sufentanil prevents hypotention after spinal anesthesia for hip repair in elderly patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Sand. 2004;48:1240–4.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gurbet A, Turker G, Girgin NK, Aksu H, Bahtiyar NH. Combination of ultra-low dose bupivacaine and fentanyl for spinal anaesthesia in Out-patient anorectal surgery. J Int Med Res. 2008;36:964–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ozyilkan NB, Kocum A, Sener M, Galiskan E, Tarim E, Ergenoglu P, et al. Comparison of intrathecal levobupivacaine combined with sufentanil, fentanyl, or placebo for elective caesarean section: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Curr Ther Res. 2013;75:64–70.
Article
Google Scholar
Venkata HG, Pasupuleti S, Pabba UG, Porika S, Talari G. A randomized controlled prospective study comparing a low dose bupivacaine for cesarean section. Saudi J Anaesth. 2014;8:88–91.
Article
Google Scholar