Anesthesia outcomes of pregnant women with spinal diseases: a single-center case-series study

JA Clinical Reports

Table 3 Indications for cesarean section and anesthetic considerations by diagnosis

Subject number	Diagnoses	Spinal level	Lumbar Cobb angle	Elective/emergent	Indication for CS	Type of anesthesia	Reason for type of anesthesia
1	AIS (postoperative)	Th4-L4	< 10	Elective	Previous CS	Spinal	Spinal instrumentation, but intact L4/L5 intervertebral space
2	AIS	Th7-L3	10	Elective	Post myomectomy	Spinal	Well palpable spinous process
3	AIS	Th11-L4	< 10	Emergent	CPD	Epidural	Labor analgesia
4	AIS	Lumbar	< 10	Emergent	Arrest of labor	Epidural	Labor analgesia
5	AIS	Th12-L4	< 10	Emergent	NRFS, category 1 emergent CS	Epidural	Labor analgesia
6	AIS	Th2-L4	< 10	Emergent	HDP	Spinal	Well palpable spinous process
7	AIS	Th2-L5	< 10	Emergent	NRFS	Spinal	Well palpable spinous process
8	LDH	Lumbar	-	Emergent	Arrest of labor	Epidural	Labor analgesia
9	LDH	Lumbar	-	Emergent	CPD	Epidural	Labor analgesia
10	SSEH	C5–6	-	Elective	Avoid pushing for recurrence of epidural hematoma	General	Avoid rebleeding in spinal canal
11	Lumbar compression fracture	Th11-L3	-	Elective	Previous CS	Spinal	Osteogenesis imperfecta but well-palpable spinous process
12	Cavernous hemangioma	C2	-	Elective	Previous CS	CSEA	Two previous cesarean deliveries with CSEA
13	Cervical disc herniation	Cervical	-	Emergent	CPD	Spinal	Well palpable spinous process

AIS adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, LDH lumbar disc herniation, SSEH spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma, CPD cephalopelvic disproportion, NRFS nonreassuring fetal status, HDP hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, CS cesarean section