Table 3 Demographics and intraoperative data for patients with measurable activated clotting time following initial heparin administration (n = 565)
Total (n = 565) | Heparin resistance (-) (n-372) | Heparin resistance ( +) (n-193) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 68.7 (11.4) | 68.8 (11.2) | 68.6 (11.9) | 0.84 |
Female | 314 (55.6) | 220 (59.1) | 94 (48.7) | 0.02 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.3 (3.6) | 23.6 (3.6) | 22.8 (3.5) | 0.01 |
Current smoking | 37 (6.5) | 25 (6.7) | 12 (6.2) | 0.86 |
Hypertension | 403 (71.3) | 272 (73.1) | 131 (67.9) | 0.2 |
Symptomatic cerebral disease | 10 (1.8) | 6 (1.6) | 4 (2.1) | 0.74 |
Hemodialysis | 41 (7.3) | 23 (6.2) | 18 (9.3) | 0.17 |
Daily medication | ||||
Beta blocker | 184 (32.6) | 126 (33.9) | 58 (30.1) | 0.39 |
Digitalis | 21 (3.7) | 15 (4.0) | 6 (3.1) | 0.64 |
Intravenous nitrate solution | 149 (26.4) | 99 (26.6) | 50 (25.9) | 0.92 |
Specific disease | ||||
Infective endocarditis | 33 (5.8) | 22 (5.9) | 11 (5.7) | > 0.99 |
Dissection of aorta (acute and chronic) | 46 (8.1) | 30 (8.1) | 16 (8.3) | > 0.99 |
Laboratory data | ||||
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 30 (105) | 33 (129) | 25 (16) | 0.39 |
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 26 (113) | 29 (138) | 20 (21) | 0.38 |
Platelet (104/μL) | 19.7 (6.7) | 19.0 (6.3) | 21.0 (7.3) | 0.001 |
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 359 (133) | 349 (123) | 377 (147) | 0.02 |
Serum albumin (d/dL) | 3.9 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.5) | 0.36 |
Fibrinogen albumin ratio index | 9.5 (4.8) | 9.2 (4.3) | 10.2 (5.7) | 0.02 |
Antithrombin (%) | 96.5 (16.9) | 96.2 (16.6) | 97.2 (17.4) | 0.5 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.50 (1.9) | 1.39 (1.6) | 1.71 (2.4) | 0.06 |
Prothrombin time-international normalized ratio | 1.11 (0.2) | 1.12 (0.2) | 1.09 (0.2) | 0.22 |
Activated partial thromboplastin time (s) | 29.4 (4.4) | 29.9 (4.5) | 28.5 (4.1) | < 0.001 |
Intraoperative data | ||||
Surgical procedure* | 0.003 | |||
Valve | 266 (47.1) | 180 (48.4) | 86 (44.6) | |
Coronary artery | 121 (21.4) | 93 (25.0) | 28 (14.5) | |
Aorta | 184 (32.6) | 108 (29.0) | 76 (39.4) | |
Others | 77 (13.6) | 44 (11.8) | 33 (17.1) | |
Baseline activated clotting time (s) | 153 (16) | 155 (15) | 149 (17) | < 0.001 |
Initial heparin dose (u/kg) | 276 (28) | 280 (26) | 269 (28) | < 0.001 |
Activated clotting time after initial heparin administration (s) | 536 (121) | 599 (95) | 415 (57) | < 0.001 |
Heparin sensitivity index (seconds/(IU/kg)) | 1.39 (0.4) | 1.59 (0.3) | 1.00 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
Surgical duration (min) | 410 (142) | 411 (138) | 409 (150) | 0.91 |
Blood loss volume (mL) | 1703 (1893) | 1726 (1872) | 1659 (1937) | 0.69 |