Table 1 Patient demographics and intraoperative data (n = 590)
Total (n = 590) | Heparin resistance (-) (n = 397) | Heparin resistance ( +) (n = 193) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 68.6 (11.6) | 68.6 (11.5) | 68.6 (11.9) | 0.98 |
Female | 329 (55.8) | 235 (59.2) | 94 (48.7) | 0.01 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.3 (3.6) | 23.6 (3.6) | 22.8 (3.5) | 0.007 |
Current smoking | 37 (6.3) | 25 (6.3) | 12 (6.2) | > 0.99 |
Hypertension | 418 (70.8) | 287 (72.3) | 131 (67.9) | 0.28 |
Symptomatic cerebral disease | 11 (1.9) | 7 (1.8) | 4 (2.1) | 0.75 |
Hemodialysis | 42 (7.1) | 24 (6.0) | 18 (9.3) | 0.17 |
Daily medication | ||||
Beta blocker | 197 (33.4) | 139 (35.0) | 58 (30.1) | 0.26 |
Digitalis | 21 (3.6) | 15 (3.8) | 6 (3.1) | 0.81 |
Intravenous nitrate solution | 155 (26.3) | 105 (26.4) | 50 (25.9) | 0.92 |
Specific disease | ||||
Infective endocarditis | 34 (5.8) | 23 (5.8) | 11 (5.7) | > 0.99 |
Dissection of aorta (acute and chronic) | 47 (8.0) | 31 (7.8) | 16 (8.3) | 0.87 |
Laboratory data | ||||
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 31 (104) | 34 (126) | 25 (16) | 0.3 |
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 26 (111) | 29 (134) | 20 (21) | 0.36 |
Platelet (104/μL) | 19.6 (6.7) | 18.9 (6.3) | 21.0 (7.3) | < 0.001 |
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 355 (133) | 345 (124) | 377 (147) | 0.007 |
Serum albumin (d/dL) | 3.9 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.5) | 0.47 |
Fibrinogen albumin ratio index | 9.4 (4.8) | 9.1 (4.3) | 10.2 (5.7) | 0.01 |
Antithrombin (%) | 96 (17) | 95 (16) | 97 (17) | 0.25 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.49 (1.9) | 1.39 (1.6) | 1.71 (2.4) | 0.05 |
Prothrombin time-international normalized ratio | 1.11 (0.2) | 1.12 (0.2) | 1.09 (0.2) | 0.21 |
Activated partial thromboplastin time (s) | 29.6 (4.6) | 30.1 (4.7) | 28.5 (4.1) | < 0.001 |
Intraoperative data | ||||
Surgical procedure* | 0.005 | |||
Valve | 277 (46.9) | 191 (48.1) | 86 (44.6) | |
Coronary artery | 127 (21.5) | 99 (24.9) | 28 (14.5) | |
Aorta | 198 (33.6) | 122 (30.7) | 76 (39.4) | |
Others | 79 (13.4) | 46 (11.6) | 33 (17.1) | |
Baseline activated clotting time (s) | 154 (16) | 156 (16) | 149 (17) | < 0.001 |
Initial heparin dose (u/kg) | 275 (29) | 279 (29) | 269 (28) | < 0.001 |
Activated clotting time after initial heparin administration (s) | 555 (150) | 624 (134) | 415 (57) | < 0.001 |
Surgical duration (min) | 415(148) | 418 (147) | 409 (150) | 0.48 |
Blood loss volume (mL) | 1732 (1892) | 1768 (1871) | 1659 (1937) | 0.51 |