Table 1 The patients’ preoperative characteristics, anesthesia profiles and the drugs administered during anesthesia

Age (years)

71 ± 11

74 ± 10

0.27

Height (cm)

162 ± 15

161 ± 14

0.58

Weight (kg)

65 ± 17

65 ± 18

0.97

Sex (male/female)

59 (94%)/4 (6%)

55 (83%)/11 (17%)

0.07

Regular use of antihypertensive drug

24 (38%)

23 (35%)

0.70

Regular use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitor

14 (22%)

11 (17%)

0.42

Duration of surgery (minutes)

43 ± 25

44 ± 20

0.84

Duration of anesthesia (minutes)

75 ± 28

80 ± 22

0.25

Dose of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine of spinal anesthesia (mL)

3.1 ± 0.3

3.0 ± 0.3

0.20

Sensory block level just before surgery^a

T8 (T2–T11)

T6 (T2–L1)

0.26

Sensory block level at the end of surgery^a

T6 (T2–T12)

T5 (T2–T12)

0.49

Intravenous fluid volume during anesthesia (mL)

570 ± 191

758 ± 284

< 0.001

Use of vasopressors^b

10 (16%)

47 (71%)

< 0.001

Use of ephedrine

8 (13%)

37 (56%)

< 0.001

Total dose of ephedrine (mg)

1.0 ± 3.0

6.9 ± 9.0

< 0.001

Use of phenylephrine

6 (10%)

30 (45%)

< 0.001

Total dose of phenylephrine (mg)

0.013 ± 0.042

0.21 ± 0.34

< 0.001