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Table 1 Recommendations for anesthesia-related drugs in patients with porphyria. This table was created independently by the authors based on data from references [10,11,12]

From: Sugammadex and amino acid infusion can contribute to safe anesthetic management of variegate porphyria

Drug category

Safe

Probably safe

Not yet classified

Probably unsafe

Unsafe

Anesthetic

Propofol

Midazolam

Desflurane

Sevoflurane

 

Thiopental

Analgesic

Morphine

Fentanyl

Remifentanil

 

Pentazocine

Diclofenac

Ketamine

Local anesthetic

Bupivacaine

  

Lidocaine

 

Muscle relaxant

Rocuronium

Suxamethonium

Vecuronium

   

Vasopressor

Adrenaline

Phenylephrine

Dopamine

Ephedrine

  

Vasodilator

  

Diltiazem

 

Nifedipine

Other

Insulin

Neostigmine

Sugammadex

 

Phenytoin

Phenobarbital