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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics and results of univariable logistic regression analyses for development of abnormal RRs

From: Risk factors for bradypnea in a historical cohort of surgical patients receiving fentanyl-based intravenous analgesia

 

Bradypnea (n = 125)

Normal RR (n = 133)

Odds

95% CI

P value

Age (year)

63.1 (13.4)

63.6 (13.3)

0.973(/10 years)

0.809–1.169

0.771

Height (cm)

157.9 (8.3)

157.9 (10.2)

1.130(/10 cm)

0.753–1.537

0.976

Weight (kg)

57.2 (11.9)

59.1 (12.9)

0.841 (/10 kg)

0.666–1.061

0.214

Sex (F/M)a

85/40

78/55

1.499

0.900–2.496

0.124

BMI

22. 9 (4.1)

23.7 (4.5)

1.004

0.992–1.017

0.149

%VC

107.2 (19.0)

104.6 (17.6)

1.082 (/10%)

0.946–1.239

0.249

FEV1.0%

77.9 (10.0)

79.5 (11.1)

0.869 (/10%)

0.686–1.102

0.245

ASA status (I/II/III)

30/87/8

23/98/12

0.703

0.435–1.135

0.344

Surgical siteb

 Upper abdominal laparotomy

13

10

0.831

0.309–2.231

0.731

 Lower abdominal laparotomy

44

60

1.473

0.755–2.875

0.257

 Laparoscopic surgery

41

38

1.001

0.497–2.017

0.998

 Orthopedic surgery

27

25

1(reference)

1

1

Anesthesia (propofol/volatile)c

36/89

43/90

0.847

0.498–1.440

0.590

IV-fentanyl basal dose (μg/h)

22.0 (7.3)

22.6 (6.7)

0.989

0.955–1.025

0.554

PCA usage count

1 [1–1]

1 [1–1]

1.142

0.742–1.759

0.546

Fluid balance (ml)

1850 [210–6142]

1895 [− 450–7245]

0.988(/100 ml)

0.969–1.008

0.238

Transfusion balance (ml)

−55 [− 1514–635]

−75 [− 2165–762]

0.977(/100 ml)

0.918–1.040

0.467

Total fluid balance (ml)

1740 [410–4702]

1832 [− 500–6525]

0.980(/100 ml)

0.957–1.003

0.091

Liver dysfunction (Y/N)

25/100

13/120

2.308

1.122–4.745

0.023

Renal dysfunction (Y/N)

7/118

15/118

0.467

0.184–1.186

0.121

Hypertension (Y/N)

84/41

77/56

0.671

0.404–1.115

0.157

Asthma (Y/N)

2/123

2/131

1.065

0.148–7.678

1.000

COPD (Y/N)

9/116

5/128

1.986

0.647–6.098

0.277

Hyperlipidemia (Y/N)

8/117

14/119

0.581

0.235–1.437

0.270

Diabetes mellitus (Y/N)

15/110

18/115

0.871

0.418–1.814

0.852

Ischemic heart disease (Y/N)

5/120

6/127

0.882

0.262–2.966

1.000

Heart failure (Y/N)

1/124

1/132

1.065

0.066–17.204

1.000

Smoking (Y/N)

5/120

16/117

0.305

0.108–0.859

0.022

Hemodialysis (Y/N)

1/124

4/129

0.260

0.029–2.359

0.371

Fentanyl 0 h (ng/ml)

1.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.3)

0.884

0.452–1.726

0.719

Fentanyl 1 h (ng/ml)

1.0 (0.2)

1.0 (0.3)

0.707

0.284–1.759

0.457

Duration of surgery (min)

204 [32–1202]

241 [51–594]

0.995(/10 min)

0.978–1.012

0.336

Duration of anesthesia (min)

268 [81–1004]

315 [89–712]

0.986(/10 min)

0.968–1.004

0.104

  1. Bradypnea change was defined as an RR < 8 breaths per min in 2 min or longer
  2. RR respiratory rate, BIM body mass index, %VC % vital capacity, FEV1.0% forced expiratory volume % in 1 s, Propofol propofol-maintained anesthesia, Volatile volatile anesthetics-maintained anesthesia, IV-fentanyl fentanyl-based intravenous analgesia, PCA patient-controlled analgesia, Total fluid balance fluid balance + transfusion balance, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Fentanyl 0 h effect site concentrations of fentanyl at the end of surgery, Fentanyl 1 h effect site concentrations of fentanyl 1 h postoperatively
  3. aMale sex is defined as the reference level
  4. bOrthopedic surgery is defined as the reference level
  5. cVolatile anesthetics is defined as the reference level
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