Goal-directed therapy reduces fluid balance while maintaining hemodynamic stability in intraoperative management of pancreaticoduodenectomy: a retrospective comparative study

JA Clinical Reports

Table 1 Patient demographic characteristics, anesthetic technique, and surgical parameters

	Control group n = 46	GDT group n = 44	P value
Age (years)	66 ± 12	68 ± 9	0.28
Sex (male)	29 (63%)	26 (59%)	0.83
Height (cm)	160.2 ± 8.7	159.3 ± 9.6	0.65
Weight (kg)	59.1 ± 10.2	54.0 ± 10.5	0.022
BMI (kg/m²)	23.0 ± 3.4	21.2 ± 2.9	0.007
Patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy	16 (35%)	21 (48%)	0.28
Preoperative renal function
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	61 ± 18	56 ± 17	0.13
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)^*	85 ± 25	92 ± 25	0.20
ASA PS
1	13 (28%)	7 (16%)	0.26
2	27 (59%)	27 (61%)
3	6 (14%)	10 (23%)
4	0	0
Anesthetic agent
Propofol	29 (63%)	23 (52%)	0.39
Inhalational	17 (37%)	21 (48%)	0.39
Duration of surgery (min)	432 ± 78	434 ± 80	0.92
Estimated blood loss (mL/kg)	9.8 ± 7.5	9.3 ± 5.0	0.71

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage)
ASA PS American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status, BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
^*eGFR was calculated using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation