Skip to main content

Table 4 Univariable analysis for perioperative opioid avoidance (morphine equivalent dose < 50 mcg/kg)

From: The effect of anesthesia without opioid on perioperative opioid demand in children with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) for adenotonsillectomies — single-center retrospective observational study

 

Perioperative opioid

 

< 50 mcg/kg

> 50 mcg/kg

P value

n = 77

n = 148

Female

22 (29%)

45 (30%)

0.78

Age < 3years old

2 (3%)

25 (17%)

< 0.01

Race Black

5 (7%)

16 (11%)

0.29

AHI > 20 (n=223)

59 (77%)

92 (62%)

<0.05

BMI for age > 99% (n=223)

38 (50%)

52 (35%)

< 0.05

PSG SO2 < 80 % (n=199)

40 (56%)

65 (51%)

0.45

PSG EtCO2 > 60 mmHg (n=138)

7 (15%)

12 (13%)

0.73

Craniofacial anomaly

5 (7%)

11 (7%)

0.79

Neuromuscular disease

8 (10%)

21 (14%)

0.42

Genetic syndrome

56 (73%)

35 (24%)

0.55

Congenital heart disease

68 (88%)

15 (10%)

0.72

Use of ketamine

29 (38%)

36 (24%)

< 0.05

Use of dexmedetomidine

60 (78%)

71 (48%)

<0.01

Neither dexmedetomidine nor ketamine

11 (14%)

60 (41%)

<0.01

Use of either dexmedetomidine or ketamine

66 (86%)

88 (60%)

<0.01

NSAIDs (ibuprofen or ketorolac)

36 (47%)

34 (23%)

< 0.01

Acetaminophen

74 (96%)

142 (96%)

>0.99

PICU admission

52 (68%)

76 (51%)

< 0.05

Anesthesia without opioid

57 (74%)

31 (21%)

<0.01

Surgery after 2013 (2014–2018)

70 (91%)

96 (65%)

<0.01

  1. Independent association with the perioperative opioid avoidance (< 50 mcg/kg) of each perioperative factor was analyzed with chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. Variables with a univariable association P < 0.10 were used as candidate variables in a forward stepwise selection method