Table 2 Backgrounds of patients who experienced nonanesthesia-related death and those who experienced anesthesia-contributory death

Age (years)

73.00 [53.5, 81.00]

74.50 [61.75, 81.75]

0.54

 < 1

2 (6.5)

0 (0.0)

0.84

 1 ≦, < 3

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 3 ≦, < 6

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 6 ≦, < 20

1 (3.2)

1 (10.0)

 20 ≦, < 65

7 (22.6)

2 (20.0)

 65 ≦, < 75

9 (29.0)

2 (20.0)

 75 ≦

12 (38.7)

5 (50.0)

Male

22 (71.0)

7 (70.0)

1

ASA-PS

0.4

 I

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 II

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 III

2 (6.5)

3 (30.0)

 IV

10 (32.3)

2 (20.0)

 V

19 (61.3)

5 (50.0)

Emergency surgery

30 (96.8)

7 (70.0)

0.04

Type of surgery

0.57

 Neuro

10 (32.3)

0 (0.0)

 Thoracic

2 (6.5)

0 (0.0)

 Cardiac

7 (22.6)

5 (50.0)

 Esophageal

0 (0.0)

1 (10.0)

 Upper abdominal

0 (0.0)

1 (10.0)

 Lower abdominal

8 (25.8)

3 (30.0)

 Cesarean section

1 (3.2)

0 (0.0)

 Head, neck, pharyngeal, and laryngeal

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Chest wall abdominal wall and perineum

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Spine

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Hip joint and limbs

1 (3.4)

0 (0.0)

 Examination

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Electroconvulsive therapy

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Others

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Burn

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Cancel after anesthesia induction

2 (6.5)

0 (0.0)

Type of anesthesia

1

 General anesthesia with inhalation anesthetics

31 (100)

10 (100)

 General anesthesia with TIVA

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Spinal anesthesia

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Epidural anesthesia

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Combination of spinal and epidural anesthesia

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Peripheral nerve block

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 General anesthesia

31 (100)

10 (100)

1

Pathophysiological process of death

0.26

 Respiratory

1 (3.2)

1 (10.0)

 Arrhythmia

2 (6.5)

1 (10.0)

 Myocardial infarction

4 (12.9)

2 (20.0)

 Hypovolemia

13 (41.9)

6 (60.0)

 Central neurologic disorders

11 (35.5)

0 (0.0)