Fig. 1From: Qualitative measurement of opioid effects on pain and dyspnea: gender difference in the sensitivityPPT difference (ΔPPT (post-pre)) (left) and NRSP difference (ΔNRSP (post-pre)) (right) amongst the three patient group (mean ± SD) were not significant but showed tendency to decrease with pre-operative opioid (ANCOVA p > 0.15 for PPT, p > 0.9 for NRSP)Back to article page