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Table 1 Results of manual muscle testing

From: Emergency operation for spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a patient with severe back pain, which made it difficult to evaluate neurological deficits: a case report

Muscle

Right

Left

Iliopsoas muscle

4−

4

Quadriceps muscle

4+

5−

Tibialis anterior muscle

4

5−

Extensor hallucis longus muscle

4

4

Extensor digitorum muscle

4

4

Gastrocnemius muscle

5

5

Flexor hallucis longus muscle

5−

5

Flexor digitorum longus muscle

5

5

  1. 5 holds test position against maximal resistance, 5− holds test position against slight to maximal resistance, 4+ holds test position against moderate to strong pressure, 4 holds test position against moderate resistance, 4− holds test position against slight to moderate pressure