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Table 2 Summary of hemodynamic management, urine output, and fluid balance

From: Goal-directed therapy reduces fluid balance while maintaining hemodynamic stability in intraoperative management of pancreaticoduodenectomy: a retrospective comparative study

 

Control group n = 46

GDT group n = 44

P value (95% CI of mean difference)

The amount of fluid administered (mL/kg)

81.4 ± 23.3

76.0 ± 23.1

0.27 (− 15.1 to 4.3)

Patients receiving transfusion

2 (4.3%)

3 (6.8%)

0.67

Patients receiving infusion of inotropes

6 (13.0%)

15 (34.1%)

0.025

Patients receiving infusion of vasoconstrictors

3 (6.5%)

18 (40.9%)

< 0.001

Urine output (mL/kg)

9.1 (5.4 - 11.5)

11.4 (7.3 - 20.5)

0.025

Fluid balance (mL/kg)

61.7 ± 19.2

49.7 ± 16.3

0.0019 (− 19.5 to − 4.6)

  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage). Use of dopamine in control group was counted as use of inotropes
  2. CI confidence interval