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Table 1 Patients’ characteristics

From: The management of difficult intubation in infants: a retrospective review of anesthesia record database

No.

Age

Sex

BW (kg)

ASA PS

Diagnosis and complications

Surgery

Condition at intubation

Airway device

Cormack-Lehane grade

Agents used for induction and intubation

1

8 d

F

1.8

III

hydrocephalus, TOF, cleft lip, palate

Ommaya reservoir placement

anesthesia

laryngoscope

4

midazolam, rocuronium

2

2 m

F

2.7

III

 

VP shunt

anesthesia

laryngoscope

4

sevoflurane, fentanyl, midazolam, rocuronium

3

4 m

F

3.5

III

 

cardiac surgery

sedation

bronchoscope

midazolam, atropine, lidocaine

4

9 d

M

3.5

II

vein of Galen aneurysmal dilatation

embolism

anesthesia

laryngoscope

3

thiopental, fentanyl, rocuronium

5

20 d

M

1.7

IV

VSD, 18 trisomy

cardiac surgery

awake

laryngoscope

3

atropine

6

1 m

M

2.3

III

PDA

ligation

anesthesia

laryngoscope

4

sevoflurane, N2O, fentanyl, rocuronium

7

1 m

M

3.5

II

tongue base cyst

resection of cyst

anesthesia

laryngoscope

sevoflurane, N2O, pentazocine

8

2 m

F

1.8

III

HPS, 18 trisomy cleft lip, palate

Ramstedt’s operation

anesthesia

laryngoscope

4

thiopental, sevoflurane, rocuronium

9

2 m

M

2.6

III

DORV, cleft lip, palate

cardiac surgery

anesthesia

laryngoscope

4

sevoflurane, fentanyl, midazolam, rocuronium

10

2 m

M

3.4

III

TOF, cleft palate

cardiac surgery

sedation

bronchoscope

4

midazolam, lidocaine

11

2 m

F

5.6

II

craniosynostosis

cranioplasty

anesthesia

video laryngoscope

sevoflurane, fentanyl, rocuronium

12

10 m

M

6.8

II

Crouzon syndrome

tracheostomy

anesthesia

laryngoscope

3

sevoflurane, N2O, pentazocine, rocuronium

  1. ASA PS American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, d days, DORV Double outlet right ventricle, HPS hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, m months, N 2 O nitrous oxide, PDA patent ductus arteriosus, TOF tetralogy of Fallot, VP shunt ventriculoperitoneal shunting, VSD ventricular septal defect
  2. Cases nos. 1, 2 and 3 are the same patient. –: no records or no laryngoscopy