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JA Clinical Reports
Fig. 2 | JA Clinical Reports

Fig. 2

From: Intrathecal morphine versus epidural ropivacaine infusion for analgesia after Cesarean section: a retrospective study

Fig. 2

Relative frequency of rescue analgesic usage within 24 h of Cesarean delivery (CD) and between 24 and 48 h after CD in patients receiving single-shot spinal analgesia (ITM group) and combined spinal–epidural anesthesia followed by opioid-free epidural analgesia (CSEA-EDA group). Within 24 h of CD, the relative frequency and distribution of rescue analgesic use in the ITM group (ITM 0 times [range 0–3]) was lower than that in the CSEA-EDA group (1 time [0–6], p = 0.0497 by Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.019 by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). Rescue analgesic use between 24 and 48 h after CD was not significantly different between groups (ITM 2 times [0–4], CSEA-EDA 1 time [0–5], p = 0.416 by Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.465 by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). Vertical bar charts represent the relative frequency of rescue analgesic use in each group. Line plots represent the cumulative frequency of rescue analgesic use in each group. Data are presented as median [range]

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