Table 1 New classification of amniotic fluid embolism
Initial symptoms | Time from symptom onset to cardiac arrest | Histology | Initial management | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiopulmonary collapse type (Classic type) | • Sudden dyspnea | Very short (0–60 min in typical cases) | • Amniotic components in pulmonary vessels | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation including inotropes |
• Severe hypotension (including cardiac arrest) | ||||
• Seizure | ||||
DIC type | • Massive bleeding without clotting | Several hours | • Amniotic components in uterus and/or uterine vessels | Volume resuscitation including supplement of platelets and clotting factors |
• Uterine atony | • Thrombus in uterine vessels | |||
• Intestinal edema in uterus |