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Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of the study participants

From: Amino acids to prevent cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a randomized controlled trial

(a)

 

Control group

Intervention group

 

n = 32

n = 33

Age (y)

71 [56, 75]

72 [52, 77]

Sex, male

65.6 (21)

48.5 (16)

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

21.3 [19.0, 25.2]

22.2 [20.4, 25.7]

Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

64 [45, 80]

67 [56, 75]

Baseline creatinine (mg/dL)

0.87 [0.70, 1.14]

0.79 [0.66, 0.93]

Type of surgery

 TAAR

84.4 (27)

84.8 (28)

 TAAAR

15.6 (5)

15.2 (5)

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

65.6 (21)

72.7 (24)

 Diabetes mellitus

9.4 (3)

12.1 (4)

 Dyslipidemia

25.0 (8)

33.3 (11)

 COPD

12.5 (4)

3.0 (1)

 History of thoracic surgery

28.1 (9)

30.3 (10)

 LVEF

61 [59, 65]

60 [60, 65]

(b)

 

Control group

Intervention group

SMD

P value

 

n = 32

n = 33

  

Dosage of amino acids from study drug (g/day)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

46.7 [40.0, 60.0]

7.045

 < 0.001

Total intake of amino acids

(g/day)

0.0 [0.0, 4.3]

60.00 [53.3, 60.0]

7.256

 < 0.001

Operation time (minutes)

499 [424, 599]

439 [380, 578]

0.33

0.084

CPB time (minutes)

287 [227, 338]

242 [226, 275]

0.484

0.484

Cross-clamp time (minutes)

167 [111, 230]

134 [102, 182]

0.235

0.158

Use of DHCA

78.1 (25)

81.8 (27)

0.092

0.71

DHCA time (minutes)

45 [33, 64]

32 [27, 59]

0.22

0.389

Maximum creatinine (mg/dL)

1.25 [0.82, 1.83]

0.92 [0.83, 1.24]

0.617

0.079

mBP during CPB (mmHg)

56.50 [52.50, 62.25]

57.00 [53.00, 66.00]

0.094

0.563

mBP post CPB (mmHg)

69.00 [67.00, 74.25]

69.00 [65.00, 73.00]

0.069

0.679

VIS

3.03 [2.38, 4.62]

2.70 [2.03, 3.92]

0.077

0.273

Loop diuretics (mg/day)

30.55 [5.32, 53.50]

5.20 [0.00, 25.50]

0.704

0.011

Total fluid volume (mL)

 Day 0

11,286 [9266, 13450]

10,783 [8849, 15364]

0.049

0.665

 Day 1

2929 [2346, 3798]

3517 [3039, 4556]

0.060

0.011

 Day 2

1346 [966, 2452]

2150 [930, 2550]

0.048

0.498

RCC (mL)

 Day 0

3861 [3053, 5043]

3640 [2686, 5268]

0.537

0.067

 Day 1

210 [0, 676]

50 [0, 268]

0.057

0.391

 Day 2

0 [0, 0]

0 [0, 0]

0.302

0.356

  1. Participant characteristics for the factors (a) before allocation and (b) after allocation. Medians and interquartile ranges are presented for continuous variables. Proportions (%) and frequencies are presented for categorical variables. The dosage of amino acids from the study drug and the total intake of amino acids are shown for the initial 3 days after surgery. The total intake of amino acids includes those obtained from the patient’s diet, enteral nutrition, and intravenous nutrition, as well as the study drug. DHCA times are data only for cases in which DHCA was used. Maximum creatinine means the maximum value up to 7 days after surgery. Loop diuretics are shown as mean daily doses up to 7 days after surgery. P-values were calculated using Student’s t test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test for binary variables
  2. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CPB cardiopulmonary bypass, DHCA deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, mBP mean blood pressure, RCC red cell concentrate, SMD standardized mean difference, TAAR thoracic aortic replacement, TAAAR thoracoabdominal aortic replacement; total fluid volume, total volume of fluids and blood transfusions on each day, VIS vasoactive-inotropic score, which means dopamine dose (mcg/kg/min) + dobutamine dose (mcg/kg/min) + 100 * noradrenaline dose (mcg/kg/min), y year 
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