Table 1 Characteristics of patients with and without postoperative delirium

Age (years)

64 [48, 73]

771 [60, 78]

 < 0.001

Male sex

727 (58.8%)

292 (55.5%)

0.200

Height (cm)

163.0 [155, 170]

161.0 [153.5, 168.0]

0.007

Weight (kg)

58.0 [50.0, 67.6]

59.7 [50.0, 67.6]

0.998

Operative time (min)

275 [207, 379]

341 [250, 445]

 < 0.001

Emergent surgery

326 (26.4%)

229 (43.5%)

 < 0.001

Transfusion (mL)

1,320 [750, 2050]

2,010 [1315, 2580]

 < 0.001

Cerebral infarction

229 (18.5%)

115 (21.9%)

0.11

Hypertension

527 (42.6%)

261 (46.9%)

0.007

Pulmonary hypertension

119 (9.6%)

54 (10.3%)

0.680

Diabetes mellitus

532 (43.0%)

177 (33.7%)

 < 0.001

Atrial fibrillation

341 (27.6%)

150 (28.5%)

0.690

Adult congenital heart disease

40 (3.2%)

2 (0.4%)

 < 0.001

Valvular disease

445 (36.0%)

142 (27.0%)

 < 0.001

Aortic disease

270 (21.8%)

186 (35.4%)

 < 0.001

Isolated CABG

52 (4.2%)

29 (5.5%)

0.230

VAD or heart transplantation

163 (13.2%)

64 (12.2%)

0.560

MICS

134 (10.8%)

20 (3.8%)

 < 0.001

Redo surgery

78 (6.3%)

42 (8.0%)

0.200

Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy

14 (1.1%)

23 (4.4%)

 < 0.001

Intracardiac mass

28 (2.3%)

10 (1.9%)

0.630

Other

12 (1.0%)

8 (1.5%)

0.320

Fentanyl (mL, n = 169)

94.7 (48.3, 306)

88.3 (42.5, 220.6)

0.150

Dexmedetomidine in ICU (mL, n = 1263)

21.8 (11.1, 52.8)

28.9 (12.3, 72.1)

0.014

Propofol in ICU (mL, n = 1731)

67.6 (30.3, 172.5)

151.4 (56, 312.9)

 < 0.001

ICU stay (days)

3 (2, 5)

5 (3, 9)

 < 0.001